In this study, PRESSURE-strain ELASTIC modulus, stiffness, distensibility, cross-sectional ‎compliance and Young modulus of the common CAROTID ARTERY were evaluated in 30 ‎subjects, normal and ATHEROSCLEROSIS, non-invasively. The diameter changes and cross-‎sectional changes in systolic and diastolic phases of the CAROTID ARTERY were measured ‎by real time B-mode sonography and color Doppler, respectively. Indirect blood ‎PRESSURE measurement was made by manometer immediately after measurement of the ‎pulsatile vessel diameter and area. ELASTIC PARAMETERS were estimated from the ‎diameter relative changes, cross-section relative changes and the systolic and diastolic ‎blood PRESSURE in the brachial ARTERY. The relative diameter changes in mild stenosis ‎and severe stenosis compared to normal group are not expected‏.‏‎‎ The results of evaluation of ELASTIC PARAMETERS show that in mild stenosis, PRESSURE-‎strain ELASTIC modulus, stiffness and Young modulus decreased but in severe stenosis ‎they increased relative to normal arteries. In mild stenosis, distensibility and cross-‎sectional compliance increased but in severe stenosis these PARAMETERS decreased ‎relative to normal. Of course, mechanical PARAMETERS of atherosclerotic group are ‎significantly different from the normal CAROTID ARTERY. By applying this method, we ‎can detect ATHEROSCLEROSIS from normal CAROTID ARTERY (Iranian Heart Journal 2003; 4 ‎‎(2,3): 68-74).‎

Background-Non-invasive evalualion of vessel wall properties in humans is hampered by the absence of methods to directly assess local ELASTICity. Contemporary ultrasound methods are capable of assessing end diastolic ARTERY diameter, the local change in ARTERY diameter as a function of time and local wall thickness.However,to assess vessel wall properties of the CAROTID ARTERY, for example, the PULSE PRESSURE.in the brachial ARTERY still must be used as a suitable example for local PULSE PRESSURE. The assessment of local static PRESSURE as described in the present study provides a direct estimate of local vessel wall properties.Methods- In 30 men, we estimated the static PRESSURE-strain ELASTIC modulus in the right common CAROTID ARTERY (RCCA) under normal and atherosclerotic conditions. The detailed variation of the static PRESSURE of RCCA throughout the CAROTID cycle was estimated by using the energy conservation law. The flow velocities during systole and diastole were measured using multi-frame image processing method of color Doppler ultrasonography. The static PRESSURE-strain ELASTIC modulus was defined as stress to strain.Results- The results showed that: 1) the variation of the static PRESSURE during the cardiac cycle was higher in the severe atherosclerotic group than that in both the mild atherosclerotic group and the normal ARTERY group, respectively, 2) the relative increase in the vessel diameter during the cardiac cycle was lower in the atherosclerotic group than that in the normal, group and 3) the static PRESSURE-strain ELASTIC modulus in the atherosclerotic group was significantly different from that in normal individuals.Conclusion- We concluded that by applying this method, we can detect the initial symptoms and disease process in ATHEROSCLEROSIS. This is an accurate and safe method suited to the screening of large populations of young and symptom-free individuals

In this paper, a new scheme for serial communication is proposed. In this method, in addition to the PULSE states (high and low), either of negative slope or positive slope of the PULSE (saw-tooth waveform) is employed as a representative for another digit. Using PULSE slope as a representative for a separate digit will result in sending two-bit-digits using a single PULSE, which doubles the transfer rate. The proposed scheme can be used in both synchronized and asynchronized communications and can improve communication speed. Through simulating the proposed scheme, it turned out that this method, because of its proper immunity to noise, can be used as a peripheral interface alongside in-chip communication. The main idea in the raised discussion is to obtain four different geometric PULSE shapes acting as four different numbers in the quaternary numeric system, in which it can be serialized/desrialized as easy as PULSE states. This proposed method and the suggested system for serialization and deserialization of data can be an adequate alternative in high-speed communication approaches.

Background: Common CAROTID arterial stiffness can be assessed during CAROTID arterial ultrasonography, but its association with brachial stiffness, a well-defined cardiovascular risk factor, has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between common CAROTID ARTERY and brachial ARTERY stiffness. Methods: The static PRESSURE-strain ELASTIC modulus of the common CAROTID and brachial arteries were evaluated in 40 men with 15 healthy CAROTIDs, 15 mild CAROTID stenoses, and 10 severe CAROTID stenoses, by B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. The local ELASTIC modulus was estimated by the measurement of the arterial strain; the static PRESSURE was also measured based on the peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocity in each ARTERY.Results: The ELASTIC modulus of the right common CAROTID ARTERY (RCCA) and right brachial ARTERY (RBA) increased linearly with the growth of ATHEROSCLEROSIS from 1772±566 Pa and 2639±1096 Pa for the normal subjects to 6168±1026 Pa and 5587±1592 Pa for the severe stenosis group, respectively. In the three groups; healthy, mild stenosis, and severe stenosis; there was a significant difference in the ELASTIC modulus of the right common CAROTID ARTERY between the groups and also for the right brachial ARTERY, separately (p-value<0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the ELASTIC modulus of the right common CAROTID ARTERY and the ELASTIC modulus of the right brachial ARTERY.Conclusion: The brachial ARTERY ELASTIC modulus is associated with the common CAROTID ELASTIC modulus. This study showed that ATHEROSCLEROSIS was a generalized process that might involve the entire vasculature. An evaluation of the ELASTIC modulus of the RBA, however, showed that there were fundamental differences in the dynamic behavior of the brachial ARTERY when compared to ELASTIC arteries, such as the common CAROTID ARTERY.

Introduction: Different physiological states and external stimulus affect the ELASTIC properties of CAROTID ARTERY. Non-invasive early detection of atherosclerotic damage would be great significance with regard to risk stratification and presymptomatic treatment of patients with atherosclerotic disease. We studied normal and atherosclerotic common CAROTID ARTERY in women. Materials & Methods: The diameter and cross-sectional area changes of CAROTID ARTERY were measured by B-mode sonography. Indirect blood PRESSURE measurement was performed immediately after measurement of the pulsatile vessel diameter. From relative diameter changes (strain) and PULSE PRESSURE (stress) were calculated ELASTIC PARAMETERS. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were determined in RCCA by color Doppler sonography. We estimated the static PRESSURE change and then, ELASTIC PARAMETERS in RCCA. Result: The results showed that the variation of diameter and ELASTIC PARAMETERS estimated by brachial ARTERY PRESSURE and static PRESSURE change in atherosclerotic group are significantly differ than normal women. Discussion: The results show that usage of static PRESSURE changes for estimation of ELASTIC PARAMETERS in normal and atherosclerotic arteries have higher significant level. We purpose that by applying these methods, we could detect ATHEROSCLEROSIS early in disease process.    

Sound is one of the forms of mechanical energy and the two main characteristics of sound are intensity or power and frequency or wavelength of sound.their performance against the incoming sound wave, industrial silencers can be divided into two general groups of resonating and absorption silencers, the main difference between these silencers is the release of sound energy from the channeling system, which is one of the common examples of the use of resonating type silencers, their use in It is the internal combustion engines that distinguish absorption silencers from the resonator type based on the fact that the main and visible part of the act of muting the sound is achieved by changing sound energy to heat energy.The goal of this article is to design a muffler based on the breaking of sound frequencies resulting from the movement of fluid in the exhaust output of vehicles, which leads to a reduction of at least 50 db of sound and gives the operator enough peace and concentration. In this article, after examining three types of mufflers, absorbent mufflers that use the properties of porous absorbent material to absorb passing sound and are the simplest form of mufflers, have been selected, analyzed and reviewed and are suitable for the OM457 engine of Idem Industrial Company. It designed for maximum inlet exhaust temperature is 520 and for the maximum kW power is 315 with the maximum discharge relative PRESSURE of 185 mbar for homogenization with the standard atmosphere.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Camelina (Camelina sativa), an oilseed plant in the Brassicaceae family, is recognized as a significant crop both biologically and industrially, with recent attention shifting towards its potential as a biofuel source. The close genetic resemblance between Arabidopsis thaliana and C. sativa has sparked interest among researchers in manipulating oleic acid levels through microRNAs and the gene sequences FAE1-A and FAD2-A. A recent bioinformatics study focused on these genes in camelina revealed that the FAE1-A protein is hydrophobic, while FAD2-A is hydrophilic. Structural analysis indicated GMQE values of 0.88% for FAE1-A and 0.93% for FAD2-A. The FAE1-A protein’s secondary structure comprises 49% helix, 11% beta-sheet, 41% coil, and 9% membrane content with a confidence level of 79.2%. Similarly, the secondary structure of the FAD2-A consists of 43% helix, 12% beta-sheet, 45% coil, and 30% membrane content with a confidence level of 79.8%. Codon preference patterns were explored using the Sequence Manipulation Suite database to understand the relationship between codons and gene performance. Furthermore, analysis of FAE1-A and FAD2-A gene expression showed peak expression levels in developing seeds approximately 20 days after pollination. Further investigation into these structures promises to enhance our understanding of fat biosynthesis, thereby improving oil quality in C. sativa.